The Trigger Menu Handler of the ATLAS Level-1 Central Trigger Processor

The role of the Central Trigger Processor (CTP) in the ATLAS Level-1 trigger is to combine information from the calorimeter and muon trigger processors, as well as from other sources, e.g. calibration triggers, and to make the final Level-1 decision. The information sent to the CTP consists of multiplicity values for a variety of pT thresholds, and of flags for ET thresholds. The algorithm used by the CTP to combine the different trigger inputs allows events to be selected on the basis of menus. Different trigger menus for different run conditions have to be considered. In order to provide sufficient flexibility and to fulfil the required low latency, the CTP will be implemented with look-up tables and programmable logic devices. The trigger menu handler is the tool that translates the human-readable trigger menu into the configuration files necessary for the hardware, stores several prepared configurations and down-loads them into the hardware on request. An automatic compiler for the trigger menu and a prototype of the trigger menu handler have been implemented

A Demonstrator for the ATLAS Level-1 Muon to Central Trigger Processor Interface (MUCTPI)

The Level-1 Muon Trigger Interface (MUCTPI) to the Central Trigger Processor (CTP) receives trigger information from the detector- specific logic of the muon trigger. This information contains up to two muon-track candidates per sector. The MUCTPI combines the information of all sectors and calculates total multiplicity values for each of six programmable pT thresholds. It avoids double counting of single muons by taking into account the fact that some of the trigger sectors overlap. The MUCTPI sends the multiplicity values to the CTP which takes the final Level-1 decision. For every Level-1 Accept (L1A) the MUCTPI sends region-of-interest (RoI) information to the Level-2 trigger and event data to the data acquisition system. A demonstrator of the MUCTPI has been built which has the performance of the final system but has limited flexibility for calculating the overlap. The functionality and the performance of the demonstrator are presented

Lateralized rhythmic acoustic stimulation during daytime NREM sleep enhances slow waves

Slow wave sleep (SWS) is characterized by the predominance of delta waves and slow oscillations, reflecting the synchronized activity of large cortical neuronal populations. Amongst other functions, SWS plays a crucial role in the restorative capacity of sleep. Rhythmic acoustic stimulation (RAS) during SWS has been shown a cost-effective method to enhance slow wave activity. Slow wave activity can be expressed in a region-specific manner as a function of previous waking activity. However, it is unclear whether slow waves can be enhanced in a region-specific manner using RAS. We investigated the effects of unilaterally presented rhythmic acoustic sound patterns on sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations. Thirty-five participants received during SWS 12-second long rhythmic bursts of pink noise (at a rate of 1 Hz) that alternated with non-stimulated, silent periods, unilaterally delivered into one of the ears of the participants. As expected, RAS enhanced delta power, especially in its low-frequency components between 0.75 and 2.25 Hz. However, increased slow oscillatory activity was apparent in both hemispheres regardless of the side of the stimulation. The most robust increases in slow oscillatory activity appeared during the first 3-4 seconds of the stimulation period. Furthermore, a short-lasting increase in theta and sigma power was evidenced immediately after the first pulse of the stimulation sequences. Our findings indicate that lateralized RAS has a strong potential to globally enhance slow waves during daytime naps. The lack of localized effects suggests that slow waves are triggered by the ascending reticular system and not directly by specific auditory pathways

The trigger system of the NOMAD experiment

The NOMAD trigger system is described in the present paper. It is made up of a largearea plastic scintillator veto system, two trigger scintillator planes inside a 0.4~Tmagnetic field and their associated trigger electronics. Special features of the systemconsist of the use of proximity mesh photomultipliers which allow the trigger scintillators to operate in the magnetic field, and the use of custom-built VME moduleswhich perform the trigger logic decisions, the signal synchronisation and gate generation,event counting and livetime calculations. This paper also includes a description of each of the NOMAD triggers, with their calculated and measured rates, efficiencies and livetimes

A drugs marketing company salary system design

内容摘要薪酬制度是企业人力资源管理的核心。它体现了企业人力资源价值的分配和人力资源管理理念。企业在设计新酬制度的过程中，必须在其经营战略的框架下，通过对其薪酬组成元素的优化配置，以整体薪酬制度的形式来发挥薪酬效能，以支持企业战略目标的实现和满足员工多元化的需求。企业营销人员薪酬制度问题，是营销管理中的一个重要课题，建立一套科学、有效的销售人员薪酬制度并非易事。世界上没有通用、固定不变的某种销售薪酬制度，它将随企业营销战略、模式、渠道，所提供的产品或服务性质，细分客户群和客户类型等的不同而存在差异。可以说，不同类型的销售人员、不同类型的企业、不同类型的市场，就有不同类型的薪酬制度。本文从薪酬的基...ABSTRACT Salary system is the core of human resource management for enterprise. It expresses the enterprise’s value distribution and management idea of human resource. When an enterprise initiates its salary system, it is very important for them to optimize the allocation of salary elements based on the enterprise’s operation strategy so as to maximize the efficiency of salary system by way ...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院高级经理教育中心（EMBA项目）_管理经济学学号：X20031503

Particle identification performance of a straw transition radiation tracker prototype

A 864 channel prototype of an integrated straw tracker and transition radiation detector for tracking and electron identification has been tested with and without magnetic field at the CERN SPS. The rejection against hadrons and converted photons has been measured and the dependence of the rejection power on detector parameters has been investigated. Tracking and hadron rejection were also studied in a high multiplicity environment. The results are compared with Monte-Carlo simulations. Wherever possible, conclusions are drawn concerning the performance of a full-scale detector at the future Large Hadron Collider

Electron Identification with a Prototype of the Transition Radiation Tracker for the ATLAS experiment

A prototype of the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) for the ATLAS detector at the LHC has been built and tested. The TRT is an array of straw tubes which integrate tracking and electron identification by transition radiation into one device. Results of experimental measurements and of comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations are presented for the electron identification performance as a function of various detector parameters. Under optimal operating conditions, a rejection against pions of a factor 100 was achieved with 90\% electron efficiency

WA92: a fixed target experiment to trigger on and identify beauty particle decays

We describe the detectors and trigger system used in the CERN WA92 experiment. The experiment was designed to study the production and decay of beauty particles from 350 GeV/$c\,$ $\,\pi^-$ interactions in copper and tungsten targets. Charged particle tracking is performed using the Omega spectrometer. Silicon microstrip detectors are used to provide precise tracking information in the region of the production and the decay of heavy-flavoured particles and to trigger on the resulting high impact parameter tracks. The precision of vertex reconstruction corresponds to $\pm 3.7\%$ of the mean B-decay proper lifetime. Lepton and high transverse momentum hadron signals are also used in the trigger, which accepts 29\% of B-decays and rejects 98\% of non-beauty interactions

Measurement of the beauty production cross-section in 350 GeV/c π−\pi^- -Cu interactions

Using a sample of $10^8$ triggered events, produced in $\pi^-$--$\,$Cu interactions at 350~GeV$/c$, we have identified 26 beauty events. The estimated background in this sample is $0.6 \pm 0.6$ events. From these data, assuming a linear A-dependence, we measure a beauty production cross-section integrated over all $x_F$ of $5.7 {+1.3 \atop -1.1}~{\mathrm {(stat.)}} {+0.6 \atop -0.5}~{\mathrm {(syst.)}}~$nb/N